fes.s-n 


O.  E.  o.  L  :prahy.  Cop.  2. 


THE 


Connecticut  Agricultural  Experiment  Station. 


BULLETIN    No.    97. 


APRIL,    1889. 


FUNGOUS    DISEASES   OF  PLANTS. 

The  Station  desires  to  call  the  attention  of  farmers  and  others 
to  the  fact  that  it  has  extended  its  field  of  investigation  by  the 
addition  of  a  new  department  for  which  a  laboratory  has  been 
completed  during  the  past  winter  and  equipped  with  the  necessary 
books  and  apparatus  for  the  study  of  fungi  which  are  injurious 
to  vegetation  through  the  production  of  rusts,  smuts,  rots,  mil- 
dews, blights,  and  similar  diseases.  A  small  green-house  is  at- 
tached to  the  building  for  winter  experiments  ;  which  has  been 
used  since  its  completion,  for  preliminary  experiments  to  test  the 
utility  of  certain  methods  of  treating  smut  in  onions,  to  which 
special  attention  will  be  given  during  the  coming  season.  In 
order  to  obtain  as  much  information  as  possible  on  this  subject 
the  following  questions  have  been  prepared  and  sent  to  numerous 
onion  growers,  and  any  one  who  can  give  any  information  on  the 
subject  will  confer  a  favor  by  answering  them  as  fully  as  possible, 
and  sending  his  answers  to  the  address  given  below. 

No  answers  are  desired  that  do  not  represent  the  results  of 
personal  observations. 


Questions  Concerning  Onion  Smut. 

1.  How  long  has  the  onion  smut  been  known  in  your  vicinity  ? 

2.  Have  you  noticed  that  the  prevalence  of  smut  is  influenced  by 

(a)  the  variety  of  onion  grown. 

(b)  early  or  late  planting. 

(c)  method  of  cultivation  and  nature  of  soil. 

(d)  condition  of  weather  during  germination  and  early 
growth  of  the  onions. 

3.  How  long  have  you  known  the  smut  to  remain  in  the  ground 
after  the  cultivation  of  onions  has  been  discontinued  ? 

4.  Is  this  period  affected  by  the  crops  grown  on  such  land  ? 
For  example  is  smut  as  bad  on  land  that  has  been  used  for  hoed 

crops  as  on  land  which  has  been  put  down  to  grass. 

5.  Have  you  ever  seen  smut  damaging  sets  or  seed  onions  ? 

6.  Do  wild  onions  grow  commonly  in  your  vicinity  and  have 
you  ever  seen  them  smutted  ? 

7.  What  means  have  you  used  to  prevent  or  lessen  the  amount 
of  smut  ? 

8.  About  what  per  cent,  of  your  crop  is  destroyed  on  an  average 
by  smut  ? 

9.  What  is  your  own  idea  as  to  the  nature,  origin  and  spread 
of  smut  ? 

10.  Can  you  give  any  general  information  on  this  subject  not 
covered  by  the  above  questions  ? 

In  order  to  insure  the  usefulness  of  the  department  it  is  hoped 
that  the  occurrence  of  diseases  of  the  nature  above  mentioned  will 
be  reported  whenever  their  injury  is  sufficient  to  attract  notice, 
and  all  inquiries  on  the  subject  will  be  cheerfully  answered  as  far 
as  it  may  be  possible  to  do  so.  Specimens  of  any  diseases  con- 
cerning which  information  is  desired  should,  if  practicable,  al- 
ways accompany  inquiries,  since  an  accurate  determination  is 
otherwise  impossible.  Specimens  such  as  leaves,  stems  or  other 
diseased  parts  may  be  sent  by  mail  pressed  between  two  pieces  of 
paste-board,  or  better  in  a  small  tin  box  with  a  little  damp  moss 
or  paper. 

Inquiries  and  specimens  for  this  department  should  be  sent  to 
Dr.  Roland  Thaxter,  27  Lincoln  St.,  New  Haven. 


F  F  UTILIZERS. 

Duties  of   Dealers  in  Fertilizebs. 

The  Fertilizer  Law  which  went  into  effect  in  1882  and  which 
is  still  in  force  without  amendment  holds  the  seller  responsible 
for  affixing  a  correct  lahel  and  statement  of  composition  to  every 
package  or  lot  of  fertilizer  sold  or  offered  for  sale.  Purchasers, 
for  their  own  security,  should  insist  that  such  statements  are 
supplied. 

Evert  Peeson  who  sells  commercial  fertilizers  in  Connecticut 
is  also  required  by  law  to  report  certain  facts  to  the  Director  of 
this  Station  and  a  penalty  is  provided  for  neglect  to  do  this. 

The  law  -also  holds  the  Seller  responsible  for  the  payment  of 
an  analysis-fee  on  every  brand  of  fertilizer  sold  by  him  in  case  the 
fee  is  not  paid  by  the  manufacturer  on  or  before  the  first  of  May 
annually. 

No  discretion  is  left  with  the  Station  regarding  the  enforce- 
ment of  this  law  and  in  order  that  it  may  not  become  a  dead 
letter  its  strict  and  impartial  enforcement  is  evidently  necessary. 

Gratuitous  Analyses  of  Fertilizers. 

The  Station  will  endeavor  by  its  authorized  agents  to  draw 
samples  in  all  parts  of  the  State  of  all  brands  offered  for  sale  and 
to  send  its  agents  on  request  to  sample  large  lots  of  goods  bought 
by  Granges  or  Farmers'  Clubs. 

The  cooperation  of  farmers'  organizations  is  nevertheless  de- 
sired in  calling  attention  to  new  brands  of  fertilizers,  and  in 
securing  samples. 

To  insure  justice  to  manufacturers,  dealers  and  consumers 
alike,  the  Station  will  make  gratuitous  analyses  of  Commercial 
Fertilizers  only  on  samples  taken  by  the  Agents  of  the  Station, 
or  on  such  other  samples  as  are  fully  described  on  the  Station 
Forms  for  Description  and  taken  in  accordance  with  the  Station 
Instructions  for  sampling,  and  furthermore  are  properly  authenti- 
cated by  the  certificate  of  the  person  drawing  the  sample,  and  in 
addition  the  witness,  either 

1.  Of  a  Selectman  ; 

2.  Of  an  Officer  of  a  farmers'  club,  grange  or  local  agricultural 
society  ;  or 

3.  Of  the  Dealer  from  whose  stock  the  sample  is  taken. 


In  case  a  Dealer  takes  samples  of  his  own  stock,  the  witness  of 
one  of  the  Officers  aforesaid  will  be  required. 

It  is  particularly  necessary  that  the  actual  cost  prices  be  given. 
In  case  of  special  rates  the  Station,  if  desired,  will  hold  confidential 
both  the  names  of  the  seller  and  buyer,  but  to  make  the  results  of 
analysis  of  any  general  value,  and  so  to  justify  making  the  analyses 
at  all  it  is  essential  to  know  the  cost  of  the  material. 

The    Trade-Values    for    1889    of    Fertilizing   Ingredients 
in  Raw  Materials  and  Chemicals. 

The  average  Trade-Values  or  retail  cost  per  pound  of  the 
ordinarily  occurring  forms  of  nitrogen,  phosphoric  acid  and 
potash  are  as  follows  : 

Cts. 
per  lb. 

Nitrogen  in  ammonia  salts ' 19 

nitrates - 17 

Organic  nitrogen  in  dry  and  fine  ground  fish,  meat  and  blood 19 

in  cotton  seed  meal  and  castor-pomace _   15 

in  fine  bone  and  tankage 16£ 

in  fine  medium  bone  and  tankage 13 

in  medium  bone  and  tankage 10£ 

in  coarser  bone  and  tankage 8£ 

in  hair,  horn  shavings  and  coarse  fish  scrap 8 

Phosphoric  acid,  soluble  in  water _ 8 

in  ammonium  citrate* *\\ 

in  dry  ground  fish,  fine  bone  and  tankage 7 

in  fine-medium  bone  and  tankage 6 

in  medium  bone  and  tankage 5 

in  coarser  bone  and  tankage 4 

in  fine  ground  rock  phosphate 2 

Potash  as  high-grade  Sulphate  and  in  forms  free  from  Muriate  (or  Chlorides)     6 

as  kainit 4-J- 

as  muriate .- 4-j- 

These  Trade-Values  are  the  average  prices  at  which  in  the  six 
months  preceding  March  the  respective  ingredients  could  be 
bought  at  retail  for  cash  in  our  large  markets,  Boston,  New 
York  and  Philadelphia,  in  the  raw  materials  which  are  the 
regular  source  of  supply.  They  also  correspond  to  the  average 
wholesale  prices  for  the  six  months  ending  March  1st,  plus  about 

*  Dissolved  from  2  grams  of  the  unground  phosphate  previously  extracted  with 
pure  water,  by  100  c.  c.  neutral  solution  of  Ammonium  Citrate,  sp.  gr.  1.09,  in  30 
minutes,  at  65°  C,  with  agitation  once  in  five  minutes.  Commonly  called  "  re- 
verted "  or  "  backgone  "  Phosphoric  Acid. 


20  percent,  in  case  of  goods  for  which  we  have  wholesale  quo- 
tations. They  have  been  agreed  upon  by  the  Experiment  stations 
of  Massachusetts,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania  and  Connecticut  for 
use  in  their  respective  States  during  1889.  The  valuations  ob- 
tained by  use  of  the  above  figures  will  be  found  to  agree  fairly 
with  the  average  retail  price  at  the  large  markets  of  standard 
raw  materials  such  as  : 

Sulphate  of  Ammonia,  Azotin, 

Nitrate  of  Soda,  Ammonite, 

Dried  Blood,  Dry  Ground  Fish, 

Muriate  of  Potash,  Boue  cr  Tankage, 

Sulphate  of  Potash,  Ground  So.  Carolina  Rock, 

Plain  Superphosphate. 

Valuation  of  Superphosphates,  Special  Manures  and  Mixed 
Fertilizers  of  High  Grade. 

The  Valuation  of  a  Fertilizer,  as  practised  at  the  Station  con- 
sists in  calculating  the  retail  Trade-value  or  cash-cost  at  trade 
centers  (in  raw  materials  of  good  quality)  of  an  amount  of  nitro- 
gen, phosphoric  acid  and  potash  equal  to  that  contained  in  one 
ton  of  the  fertilizer. 

To  obtain  the  Valuation  of  a  Fertilizer  we  multiply  the  pounds 
per  ton  of  Nitrogen,  etc.  by  the  trade-value  per  pound.  We  thus 
get  the  values  per  ton  of  the  several  ingredients,  and  adding 
them  together  we  obtain  the  total  valuation  per  ton. 

Organic  nitrogen  in  Mixed  Fertilizers  is  reckoned  at  19  cents, 
the  price  of  nitrogen  in  raw  materials  of  the  best  quality. 

Insoluble  Phosphoric  Acid  is  reckoned  at  3  cents,  unless  found 
to  be  from  rock  phosphate.  In  this  latter  form  Insoluble  Phos- 
phoric Acid  cost  but  2  cents  per  pound.  Potash  is  rated  at  4^ 
cents,  if  sufficient  chlorine  is  present  in  the  fertilizer  to  combine 
with  it  to  make  muriate.  If  there  is  more  Potash  present  than 
will  combine  with  the  chlorine,  then  this  excess  of  potash  is  reck- 
oned at  6  cents. 

In  most  cases  the  valuation  of  the  Ingredients  in  Superphos- 
phates and  Specials  falls  below  the  retail  cash  price  charged  for 
these  goods  at  the  factory.  The  difference  between  the  two 
figures  represents  the  manufacturer's  charges  for  converting  raw 
materials  into  manufactured  articles  and  selling  them.  These 
charges  are  for  grinding  and  mixing,  bagging  or  barreling,  stor- 
age, commission  to  agents  and    dealers,  interest  on  investment, 


and  finally,  profits.  If  instead  of  paying  cash  the  purchaser  buys 
on  credit,  giving  a  note  for  from  2  to  8  or  10  months,  without 
security  as  is  often  the  case,  the  price  of  the  fertilizer  must  be 
increased  of  course  to  cover  interest  and  bad  debts.  In  these 
cases  the  purchaser  virtually  borrows  the  purchase-money  of  the 
seller  of  the  goods  and  pays  interest  at  the  time  of  purchase  just 
as  he  pays  bank  discount  when  borrowing  money  at  the  bank. 

Corrections. 

On  page  50  of  Part  I,  of  the  Report  for  1888,  it  is  stated  that 
a  sample  of  M.  L.  Shoemaker  &  Co.'s  Swift-Sure  Superphosphate 
was  drawn  from  stock  of  W.  A.  Thomas,  Hamden  Plains. 

This  brand  was  not  sold  by  Mr.  Thomas,  and  the  misstatement 
was  caused  by  an  oversight  in  proof-reading. 

On  page  72  of  the  same  report  the  cost  of  the  Davidge  Potato 
Manure  is  stated  to  be  $41.00.  We  are  informed  by  the  manu- 
facturer that  the  average  retail  price  in  this  state  is  $35.95. 
This  would  make  the  percentage  difference  between  cost  and 
valuation  28.6  instead  of  46.7  as  given  in  the  Report. 

The  Potash  guarantee  on  this  brand  is  stated  in  the  report  to 
be  8.00  per  cent.  The  manufacturers,  however,  claim  but  8.00 
per  cent,  of  sulphate  of  potash  equivalent  to  4.3  per  cent,  of 
potash.  In  this  connection  attention  is  called  to  the  fact  that  it 
is  required,  under  the  terms  of  the  fertilizer  law,  that  the  quantity ' 
of  actual  potash  shall  be  expressly  stated.  "  Potash,  Sulphate,  8 
per  cent."  may  be  construed  to  mean  eight  per  cent,  of  actual 
potash  in  the  form  of  sulphate,  instead  of  4.3  per  cent,  of  potash, 
and  is  therefore  misleading. 


FERTILIZER  ANALYSES. 
Ashes  from  Small  Birch  Boughs. 

2407-  This  is  ashes  from  a  factory  where  oil  of  birch  is  dis- 
stilled  from  birch  brush,  which  is  afterwards  burned  in  the  boiler 
furnace.     Sent  by  Dennis  Fenn,  Milford. 

Analysis. 

Sand 10.84 

Phosphoric  acid 5.89 

Potash 4.86 


Tobacco  Stems. 
2402.    Kentucky   Tobacco   Stems.      2403.  Connecticut    Seed 
Leaf  Stems.     Sampled  ami  sent    by   Lioberl   Aitken,  Shaker  Sta- 
tion.    The   Connecticut   stems  cost    $9.50    per    ton    in    cur    lots 

(twelve  tons),  and  the  Kentucky  stems  §10.00. 

Analyses. 

Kentucky  Connecticut 

Stems.  Stems. 

2402  2403 

"Water 26.70  13.47 

♦Organic  and  Volatile  matters 60.18  70.85 

fAsh. 13.12  15.68 

100.00  100.00 

♦Containing  nitrogen 1.84  1.93 

f Containing  Phosphoric  Acid .67  .53 

Potash 8.03  6.41 

Sand .64  .70 

The  Kentucky  stems  contain  about  one  and  a  half  per  cent, 
more  of  potash  than  the  Connecticut  stems,  although  they  are 
not  so  dry. 

Cotton  Seed  Meal  and  Castor  Pomace. 

2421.  Damaged  Cotton  Seed  Meal.  Sold  by  J.  E.  Soper  & 
Co.,  Boston.     Sampled  by  Edmund  Halladay,  Suffield. 

2449  and  2450.  Damaged  Cotton  Seed  Meal.  No.  2449  is 
coarse  and  contains  hulls,  No.  2450  is  fine. 

2439.  Castor  Pomace,  made  by  Red  Seal  Castor  Oil  Co.,  St. 
Louis,  Mo.     Stock  of  F.  Ellsworth,  Hartford. 

Analyses. 

2421  2449  2450  2439 

Nitrogen 6.94  6.75  7.17  5.52 

Phosphoric  Acid_. 2.71  2.56  2.70  2.37 

Potash 1.85  1.83  1.S4  1.16 

Cost  per  ton.. $23.00*  24.00*  24.00*  25.00 

Nitrogen  costs  per  pound 12.2  cts.*        13.5cts.*         12.5  cts.*        18.3  cts. 

*  In  car  lots. 

Nos.  2449  and  2450  were  received  from  H.  S.  Frye,  Poquo- 
nock,  who  states  that  they  are  fair  samples  from  a  car  lot  bought 
of  J.  E.  Soper  &  Co.,  Boston,  on  sample  shown,  and  analysis, 
giving  7.74  per  cent,  nitrogen  ;  that  the  meal  came  in  bags  of  all 
sizes  from  75  to  160  pounds,  and  that  it  was  of  all  grades  and 
colors,  light  and  dark,  coarse  and  fine  ;  that  after  correspondence 


■■'  ■ --— 


the  seller  charged  one  dollar  less  per  ton  than  was  at  first  asked. 
Mr.  Frye  estimates  that  20  per  cent,  of  the  meal  is  coarse.  The 
mechanical  condition  of  the  two  grades  is  as  follows. 

2449  2450 

Fine,  smaller  than  5\|  inch 3  52 

Fine  medium,  smaller  than  j^  inch 1  22 

Medium,  smaller  than  f2  inch _.       4  22 

Coarse,  larger  than  fa  inch 92  4 


100  100 


Nitrate  of  Soda. 


2427.  From  stock  of  L.  Sanderson,  New  Haven,  guaranteed 
95  per  cent,  pure  nitrate. 

2438.  Stock  of  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co.  Both  were  sampled 
by  Station  Agent.     Guaranteed  98  per  cent,  pure  nitrate. 

Analyses. 

2427  2438 

Moisture 1.31  1.59 

Sulphate  of  soda. ..  3.02  .27 

Salt  (chloride  of  sodium) .36  .60 

Insoluble  in  water _  .11  — 

*Pure  nitrate  of  soda 95.20  97.54 


100.00  100.00 

*Containing  nitrogen 15.70  16.07 

Costperton $55.00  56.00 

Nitrogen  costs  per  pound 17.5  cents.  17.4  cents. 

Sulphate  or  Ammonia. 

2405.  From  stock  of  L.  Sanderson,  New  Haven.  Guarantee 
25  per  cent,  of  ammonia. 

2443.  From  stock  bought  by  Dennis  Fenn  of  C.  Meyer,  Jr., 
Maspeth,  L.  I. 

Analyses. 

2405  2443 

Nitrogen 20.46  20.88 

Equivalent  ammonia 24.85  25.35 

Costperton $75.00  74.60 

Nitrogen  costs  per  pound 18.3  cents.  I7.9cents 


9 

Potash  Salts. 

2444.  High  grade  Sulphate  of  Potash,  sold  by  C.  Meyer,  Jr., 
Maspeth  L.  I.,  to  G.  F.  Piatt,  Milford.  Guarantee  52  per  cent, 
potash. 

2423.  Double  Sulphate  of  Potash  and  Magnesia.  Guarantee 
27  per  cent,  potash.     Stock  of  L.  Sanderson,  New  Haven. 

2445.  Double  Sulphate  of  Potash  and  Magnesia,  sold  by 
C.  Meyer,  Jr.,  Maspeth,  L.  I.,  to  Dennis  Fenn,  Milford.  Guar- 
antee 27  per  cent,  potash. 

2425.  Kainit.  Stock  of  L.  Sanderson,  New  Haven.  Guar- 
antee 12  per  cent,  potash. 

2422.  Muriate  of  Potash  from  stock  of  L.  Sanderson,  New 
Haven.     Guarantee  50.5  per  cent,  potash. 

2434.  Muriate  of  Potash.  Guarantee  80  per  cent.  Stock  of 
Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co. 

2446.  Muriate  of  Potash.  Guarantee  82  per  cent,  nitrate. 
Stock  sold  by  C.  Meyer,  Jr.,  Maspeth,  L.  I.,  to  Dennis  Fenn, 
Milford. 


Analyses. 

2444 

2423        2445 

2425 

2422 

2434 

2446 

Potash  found 

52.23 

27.82       25.98 

12.58 

52.11 

52.39 

51.75 

Potash  guaranteed. 

52.0 

27.0          27.0 

12.0 

50.5 

50.4 

51.6 

Cost  per  ton $61.20       30.00       30.60       12.50       42.50       44.00       41.60 

Potash  costs  per  lb,     5.8  cts.    5.4  cts.    5.9  cts.    4.9  cts.    4.1  cts.    4.2  cts.     4.0  cts. 

Cotton  Hull  Ashes. 

2408,  2409  and  2410.  From  different  car  lots.  Each  sample 
taken  from  eight  to  eleven  different  bags.  Stock  of  C.  L.  Spencer, 
Suffield.     Sampled  by  Edmund  Halladay,  Suffield. 

2418.  Light  color.  2419.  Dark  Color.  Both  from  stock  of 
R.  E.  Pinney,  Suffield.     Sampled  by  C.  H.  Wells,  Suffield. 

2429.  Stock  of  R.  E.  Pinney.  Sampled  by  Edmund  Halladay, 
Siiffield. 

2448.  Bought  by  B.  R.  Townsend,  Wallingford,  of  Wilder 
&  Puffer,  Springfield,  Mass. 

2453.  Stock  bought  of  R.  E.  Pinney  by  D.  L.  Brockett,  pur- 
chasing agent  of  Suffield  Grange.     Sampled  by  D.  L.  Brockett. 

2454.  From  car  lot  bought  by  Wayne  Rice  and  others  of 
East  Windsor  Hill,  of  The  Southern  Oil  Co.,  Atlanta.  Sampled 
and  sent  by  R.  E.  Pinney,  Suffield. 


10 

Analyses. 

2408  2409  2410  2418  2419 

Phosporic  Acid,  soluble. 45  .48  .48  1.28  2.78 

"             "     "reverted," 1.80  1.93  8.06  5.17  6.44 

"             "     insoluble .34  .36  .36  1.66  2.50 

Potash... 28.23  26.51  26.18  27.26  23.07 

Cost  per  tOD '. $35.00       35.00        35.00        30.00        30.00 

Cost  of  potash  per  pound,* 3.9  4.1  4.2  3.41  3.23     . 

2429  2448  2453  2454 

Phosphoric  Acid,  soluble 1.12  .75  2.23  .03 

"             "     "reverted," 5.46  6.43,  5.98  2.20 

"             "     insoluble 1.30  1.81  2.02  1.49 

Potash 15.14  21.42  16.50  .     10.38 

Costperton $28.67       31.50        28.00-f-      25.60f  ' 

Cost  of  potash  per  pound*. 6.4  4.6  4.4  10.4 

♦Reckoning  soluble  phosphoric  acid  at  8  cents  per  pound,  "reverted"  at  7-J, 
and  insoluble  at  2  cents. 
f  In  Car  lots. 

The  price  originally  charged  for  No.  2429  was  $30.00,  but  as 
the  goods  proved  to  be  of  lower  grade  than  was  anticipated,  Mr. 
Pinney  states  that  the  price  was  reduced  to  $28.67. 

Cotton  Hull  Ashes  have  been  for  some  years  the  cheapest  source 
of  potash  in  the  Connecticut  market.  The  potash  is  soluble  in 
water,  is  entirely  free  from  chlorides  and  is  combined  chiefly 
with  phosphoric  and  carbonic  acid.  The  ashes  are  now  used 
chiefly  on  tobacco  lands  but  are  worth  the  attention  of  all  who 
buy  raw  materials  rather  than  mixed  goods. 

The  only  thing  which  stands  in  the  way  of  their  more  general 
use  is  the  uneven  quality  of  the  material  due  to  the  fact  that  the 
hulls  are  often  burned  together  with  coal,  so  that  the  hull  ashes 
are  mixed  with  considerable  coal  ashes. 

This  probably  explains  the  low  per  cent,  of  potash  in  Nos.  2429 
2453  and  2454.  No.  2454  has  42.95  per  cent,  of  matters  in- 
soluble in  acid. 

Bone. 

2440.  Coarse  Pure  Ground  Bone.  2441 .  Fine  Pure  Ground 
Bone.  From  Stock  bought  of  C.  Meyer,  Jr.,  Maspeth,  L.  I.,  by 
Messrs.  Fenn,  Merwin  and  Piatt  of  Milford. 

2431.  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Go's  Pure  Ground  A.  X.  Bone. 

2435-  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co's  Raw  Knuckle  Bone  Flour. 


11 

2436.  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co's  Strictly  Pure  Fine  Bone. 
The  three  last  named  were  from  stock  of  the  manufacturer,  The 
Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co.  Middletown. 

2424.  Sanderson's  Fine  Ground  Bone.  Stock  of  L.  Sanderson, 
New  Haven. 

For  table  of  analyses  see  page  12. 

Tankage. 

2442.  Stockbought  of  C.  Meyer,  Jr.,  Maspeth,  by  Messrs.  Fenn, 
Merwin  and  Piatt  of  Milford. 

2426.  Blood  Bone  and  Meat.  2430.  Fine  Tankage.  Both 
the  above  from  stock  of  L.  Sanderson,  New  Haven. 

It  will  be  seen  that  all  the  bone  samples  are  slightly,  and  one 
of  them  very  considerably  below  guarantee  in  nitrogen,  while 
the  phosphoric  acid  is  considerably  above  guarantee.  The  guar- 
antee of  Sanderson's  Blood,  Bone  and  Meat  does  not  represent 
even  approximately  its  actual  composition. 

For  table  of  analyses  see  page  12. 

Dissolved  Bone  Black. 

2447.  Stock  bought  of  C.  Meyer,  Jr.,  Maspeth,  L.  I.,  by  Messrs. 
Fenn,  Merwin  and  Piatt,  of  Milford. 

2428  and  2451.  Two  different  grades  from  stock  of  L.  Sander- 
son, New  Haven. 

Analyses. 

2447  2428  2451 

Soluble  Phosphoric  Acid, 13.33  16.95  15.59 

Keverted       "              "     ._ 3.93  .06  .08 

Insoluble       "              "     1.74  none.  .09 

Costperton $26.00        26.00        26.00 

Soluble  Phosphoric  Acid  costs  per  pound,*  7.2  cts.     7.6  cts.     8.3  cts. 

*  Reckoning  reverted  at  7 -J-  cents,  and  insoluble  at  2  cents  per  pound. 

Special  Manures. 

2432.  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co's  Complete  Potato  and  Tobacco 
Manure.  2433.  Fairchild's  Formula  for  Corn  and  General  Crops. 
2437.  Fairchild's  Formula  Bone  and  Potash  for  Seeding  Down. 

These  fertilizers  are  made  by  the  Rogers  &  Hubbard  Co.,  Mid- 
dletown, and  are  mixtures  of  finely  ground  bone  with  fertilizer 
chemicals.  Therefore  the  organic  nitrogen  and  phosphoric  acid 
in  them  are  valued  as  in  bone  of  the  same  fineness. 


12 


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13 

Mechanical  Analyses* 

2132  2433  2437 

Fine,  smaller  than  ^t,  inch.. 74  66  73 

Fine  Medium,  smaller  than  ^  inch 26  34  18 

Medium,  smaller  than  ^  inch ..  ..  9 

100  100  100 

Chemical  Analyses. 

Nitrogen  as  nitrates 3.16  3.13         

Organic  nitrogen 2.24  2.30  2.89 

Phosphoric  acid 15.74  14.63  18.54 

Potash  as  muriate 11.61  13.12 

Potash  as  sulphate 9.89         

Cost  per  ton 1 $47.50  46.00  40.00 

Valuation  per  ton $50.82  47.60  45.30 

*  Made  after  washing  the  bone  free  from  the  chemicals. 


T 


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Connecticut 

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